Wet End

During the last decade production of paper and especially the wet-end has become more complex. Besides the acid sizing system, pseudoneutral and neutral systems have been developed, which have enabled the use of calcium carbonate. Also higher filler contents are demanded in many paper grades. Water systems have been progressively closed leading to higher salt and trash contents and a negative influence on wet-end behavior. Additionally, machine speeds are increasing and head boxes and wires have been drastically modernized.

For these reasons, a total new approach to the wet-end became necessary. There are starch retention, specific conductivity, Zetapotential, pH and CD/AD.